OCTOBER 23:

1946 Santa Fe, New Mexico - Ernest Thompson Seton 1860-1946, author, naturalist, dies at age 86; born Ernest Seton Thompson at Shields, England, Aug 14, 1860, and grew up in Toronto; homesteaded in Manitoba and, in 1892, was appointed naturalist for the Manitoba government; in 1902, organized the Woodcraft Indians (later the Woodcraft League), and helped found the Boy Scouts of America; wrote and illustrated over 40 children's books on nature and woodcraft, including Wild Animals I Have Known (1898), and his autobiography, The Trail of an Artist-Naturalist (1940).

October 23,1874:  This morning, a bunch of Sioux take axes to the stripped tree that Red Cloud Agency Agent J.J.Saville has planned as a flagpole. The Indians do not want a flag on their reservation. When Saville gets no help in stopping the choppers from Indian leaders, he sends a worker to get help from Fort Robinson, in northwest Nebraska. As the two dozen soldiers from the fort are riding toward the agency, a large group of angry Sioux surrounds them. They try to instigate a fight. Suddenly, the Sioux police, led by Young Man Afraid of His Horses, ride up and form a cordon around the soldiers. The Sioux police will escort the soldiers to the agency stockade, averting a possible fight. Many Sioux will be frustrated by the events, and will leave the reservation.

1864 Montreal Quebec - Canadian militia and police arrest 14 escaped Confederate Civil War fugitives four days after they robbed three banks in St. Albans, Vermont, killed one person and got away with $200,000, before heading back to Montreal, where they had been hiding out; brought before a Montreal Police magistrate, they are released on a technicality; only $19,000 of the stolen money is ever recovered. 
 

BACKGROUND:
 

From http://www.axel-jacob.de/chiefs9.html

Man Afraid Of His Horses, Younger (tasunka kokipapi) (Oglala Lakota )

Man Afraid of His Horses was an important leader of the Sioux during the 1860s and 1870s, at a time when Red Cloud's people forced the United States to abandon its forts along the Bozeman Trail en route to the gold rush country of eastern Montana. The colloquial English translation of Man Afraid's name is really the opposite of its original Lakota meaning, which is "He Whose Horses Inspire Fear in Others." He is also sometimes called Old Man Afraid of His Horses because his son was named after him. A hereditary chief among the Oglala Lakota, Man Afraid of His Horses was a war chief under Red Cloud during the war for the Bozeman Trail in 1866-1868. His son was a member of the Southern Cheyenne Warrior Society Crooked Lances and was allied with Red Cloud and his father. After the Oglalas' surrender and confinement to reservations, Man Afraid of His Horses served as president of the Pine Ridge Indian Council. He also made several trips to Washington, D.C., to advocate for the Oglalas. At the time of the Wounded Knee massacre in 1890, Man Afraid of His Horses was working with American Horse for peace, against Short Bull's and Kicking Bear's advocacy of resistance via the Ghost Dance.
 

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Found at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/3976/Hawk.html
 

Sioux Tribes Original name: 'Oceti Sakowin' or the seven council fires The Lakota (sometimes called Tetons - "prairie dwellers") have 7 bands: Oglala ("they scatter their own", or "dust scatterers"), Sicangu (or Brule - "Burnt Thighs"),  Hunkpapa ("end of the circle"),  Miniconjous ("planters beside the stream"), Sihasapa (or Blackfeet, not to be confused with the separate Blackfeet tribe),  Itazipacola (or Sans Arcs: "without bows"), and Oohenupa ("Two Boilings" or "Two Kettle").  There are also Dakota Sioux with four bands: Mdewakantonwon, Wahpeton, Wahpekute, Sisseton, living in South Dakota, as well as in Minnesota, Nebraska, and ND.  The third branch of the Sioux Nation is the Nakota (also called Yankton Sioux) with three bands in modern times: Yankton, Upper Yanktonai, Lower Yanktonai, living in SD, ND, and MT.  Some information from various sources by Karen M. Strom. Information also available in "Oglala Religion" by William K. Powers, 1977.

There are seven bands of the Oglala tribe, as of the latter part of the 19th Century:
Payabya, "pushed aside"
Tapisleca, "spleen"
Kiyuksa, "cut band" or "breaks his own"
Wajaja, "Osage"
Itesica, "bad face" (Red Cloud's band)
Oyuhpe, "untidy"
Wagluhe, "loafers"

Historical note:

According to George E. Hyde's 1937 book, "Red Cloud's Folk", and William Power's 1977 book, "Oglala Religion", the Payabya were originally known as the Hunkpatila ("Those who camp at the horn") and were led by "Man Afraid Of His Horses" in the 1860s and 70s.

Around 1861, Crazy Horse and Red Cloud, Big Road, and Little Hawk were all part of the Bad Faces.

Around 1879, after the wars were over, the band led by "Man Afraid Of His Horses" was known as the Payabya (pushed aside). They had been "pushed aside" and almost destroyed by Red Cloud and his Bad Face followers in 1864-1874.

The chiefs, like Red Cloud, had some authority over their own bands. But the original social organization of the Lakota did not have a chief over all the bands. Each band had prominent warriors who were "shirt-wearers", and when the bands gathered and camped together, four of these shirt-wearers were selected by the tribal council of chiefs to be "wakicunsa" or camp leaders. These leading shirt-wearers had the overall authority over the entire camp circle.
 

From "Oglala Religion" by William K. Powers, 1977. and "Red Cloud's Folk: A History of the Oglala Sioux Nation", 1937.

1876: Having surrounded Red Cloud and Red Leaf's camp last night, Col.Ranald MacKenzie, and 8 troops of cavalry, approach the camp, after daybreak. The Indians surrender without a fight. The camp had 400 warriors, and numerous women and children.

1878: Dull Knife, and his CHEYENNE followers are en route to the Red Cloud Agency to get some food from Red Cloud's people. A sudden snowstorm hits them. Out of the snow comes captain J.B.Johnson, and troops B, and D, third cavalry. After a brief parlay, the 149 Northern CHEYENNE, including Dull Knife, Old Crow, and Wild Hog surrender near Fort Robinson, in northwestern Nebraska. Little Wolf, with 53 men, and 81 women and children, had split off from Dull Knife recently. They manage to avoid the soldiers, and escape into the Sand Hills. While Dull Knife's people are being marched to Fort Robinson, they hide most of their best weapons. They will only give up their old rifles and guns.