AUGUST 9:

August 9, 1814: The Treaty of Fort Jackson (7 stat.120) officially ends the Creek War. The Creeks, including those who fought with Andrew Jackson, are forced to cede 22,000,000 acres, almost half their lands, to the United States. Timpoochee Barnard, one of the Yuchi Indian allies of the Americans, is one of the signatories to the treaty of Fort Jackson. Fort Jackson, formerly Fort Toulouse, is in modern Wetumpka, Alabama.

1757 Fort William Henry New York Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm 1712-1759 leads 6,200 troops and 1,800 Indians in capture of Fort William Henry; takes 2,200 British prisoners; stops murder of prisoners by Native allies.

1836 Ontario Chippewas cede 600,000 hectares in Bruce, Grey, Huron, and Wellington Counties to the Crown; 1,500,000 acres

August 9, 1833:  Representatives of the American Fur Company arrive at Fort McKenzie on the Missouri River.  This will be the start of the first continuous trader operations among the Blackfeet.  Among those present today are Iron Shirt (Blood), Bear Chief (Piegan) and Prince Maximilian of Wied-Newied.

August 9, 1911:  Ishi ("the last of his tribe") comes into Oroville, California.
 
 

BACKGROUND:
 

Ishi:  Chronology

Born ca. 1864 died of tuberculosis 23 March 1916.

Ishi and an unknown number of Yahi-Yana remained in their traditional homeland in Tehama County (Deer and Mill Creeks) by avoiding direct contact with settlers.

Lived with three other Yahi survivors undetected until 1908, when surveyors disturbed their home. A woman thought to be Ishi's mother, and another thought to be his sister were seen; they probably died shortly afterwards. An old man was also seen and probably died.

Ishi left his homeland and traveled to Oroville, CA, in 1911, where he was found at a slaughterhouse. He was placed in jail for his protection and released to accompany University of California anthropologist T.T. Waterman to San Francisco. Waterman established the first communication with Ishi by using a Yana vocabulary that had been collected by a linguist.

Lived at University of California Anthropology Museum 1911-1916. Employed as a janitor in the museum and gave demonstrations of archery, flint knapping, house construction, fire making, and other crafts and skills. Worked with anthropologists to document Yana culture and language.

Autopsy performed at University of California medical school. His body was cremated along with some possessions and placed in a Pueblo jar in Mt.Olivet Cemetery, Colma, CA.

Alfred Kroeber, head of the anthropology department at Berkeley, sent the preserved brain to SI in early 1917. It is a donation from the "University of California".

Offered for repatriation: May 5, 1999

From http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/ishiFAQs.htm#Ishi

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A very interesting press release at http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/96legacy/releases.96/14310.html postulates that Ishi was not the last of his people at all.
 
and

http://www.library.ucsf.edu/sc/hist/ishi/ offers a superb bibiliography of resources for research on Ishi.

 Ishi's brain, Ishi's ashes: Anthropology and genocide,Tehaliwaskenhas-Bob Kennedy, Tue, 8 Aug 2000
http://www.escribe.com/culture/native_news/m6887.html

Repatriation from Smithsonian -Ishi Goes Home, ishgooda, Sun, 6 Aug 2000 
http://www.escribe.com/culture/native_news/m1969.html

The Last of the Yahi, Mercury News, August 2000

Ishi's Return/Possible, Ish, Tue, 4 May 1999
http://www.escribe.com/culture/native_news/m47.html