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AUGUST 7: 1982 Montreal Quebec Don Muir and André Daemen land at Dorval Airport after a record-breaking round-the-world propellor flight in a time of 6 days, 7 hours, 30 minutes; Muir, 26, is a bush pilot from Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Daemen, 22, is a Montreal flying instructor. August 7th, 1758: According to some reports,
a peace conference is held for the next two days between representatives
of the British in New Jersey and the Minisink Indians.
BACKGROUND: From http://apollo.carroll.com/bchs/Pages/indians.html (Note, please, that use of the term 'Lenni Lenape' is technically incorrect, as it is tantamount to saying 'The People The People'.) Writing in the first quarter of the nineteenth
century, John Heckewelder, a Moravian missionary, popularized the tradition
that the Lenni Lenape who first settled Scheyichbi (that is, "the land
bordering the ocean," now New Jersey) divided themselves into three bodies:
the Turtle Tribe or Unamis who settled between the coast and the interior
mountains; the Turkey Tribe or Unalachtgo who settled nearest the sea;
and the Wolf Tribe or Minsi who, being the most warlike, settled among
the mountains near the head of the great rivers, forming "a kind of bulwark
for (the others) protection, watching the motions of the Mengwe [Iroquois],
and being at hand to afford their aid in case of a rupture with them."
These "tribal" names or subdivisions only appeared after the Lenape had
withdrawn from their homelands into the interior of Pennsylvania between
1740 and 1760. Unalachtgo has been variously translated as "those who live
towards the ocean waves," "those who live detached from the ocean waves"
(perhaps in the sense, "those who formerly resided near the ocean waves
and "those who live upstream." Unamis has generally been interpreted as
"those who live down river." The Minsi take their name from Minisink in
the upper Delaware Valley. These three subdivisions roughly correspond
to three distinct Lenape dialects reported by New Netherlanders in the
middle of the seventeenth century: the Loeuaneu (Northem) or Manhattan/
Minisink; the Sanhican (fire-makers); and the Sawanoos (Southern). Any
coalescence of the Lenape into these three dialectal alliances was not
made by conscious decision, but rather through gradual adaptation to three
different resource-areas: the Highlands and Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley;
the Piedmont Plateau and Inner Coastal Plain; and the Outer Coastal
Plain. These dialectal groupings, however, did not achieve political integration
or tribal polities, though they may have loosely corresponded with family
alliances. The historic record clearly depicts independent familial communities
settled upon their own communal territories, yet sharing some intercommunal
territory (such as fishing-place or hunting-ground) with other consanguine
families. It is probable that new groups sprang over the course of time
as certain bands or families outgrew their available resources and, for
their own convenience, chose to settle neighboring spots. "Increasing in
numbers, [these new groups] gave themselves names or received them from
others." Such group names were supposedly derived from "some simple natural
objects, or after something striking or extraordinary..." Thus, the Mahicanni
or Mohicans supposedly originated as a detached group who, by intermarriages
and mixing two languages, acquired a dialect of their own. Similarly, the
Nanticokes, settling Maryland and Virginia, purportedly became a detached
and distinct polity.
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>From http://www.waterloovillage.org/years.html
More than 250 years have passed since the last Lenape (also called Delaware) relinquished their traditional homeland and migrated to the west or north. Bark lodges crumbled, dugout canoes rotted, wooden mortars and pestles decayed; only an occasional stone arrowhead or pottery fragment marks the places where these people once lived. .... The Minisink were the people who inhabited
Northeastern New Jersey, including what is now Historic Waterloo Village.
Like the Raritan, Hackensack, Sickonese and other groups, they were part
of a larger Lenape "nation" comprising the people who were indigenous to
New Jersey and the adjacent parts of Eastern Pennsylvania, Southeastern
New York and Northern Delaware.
On This Day on History |
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