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ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY

JUNE 5:

June 5, 1728:  Today, Delaware Chief Sassoonan will address the Pennsylvania Provincial Council. He will complain of German immigrants settling on Indian lands in Tulpehocken valley. The complaint would not be resolved until 1732, when the lands were purchased from the Indians with trading goods.
 

BACKGROUND:
 

From http://www.english.udel.edu/lemay/franklin/1728.html
 

Indian Affairs: In June, Pennsylvania held a conference with the Pennsylvania Indians at the Philadelphia Quaker meetinghouse concerning ownership of land in the Tulpehocken region. James Logan claimed that the Indians had confirmed the sale of the land in 1718, but Edward Farmer, a former Indian trader, contradicted him. Sassoonan pointed out that Palatines had settled beyond the boundary, and Logan blamed former governor Keith for illegally settling them on the land. Colonial Records 3: 271076, 295-98, 302, 307-26 [esp. 318, 322]. and 333.

The Five Nations sent the Oneida chief John Shickellamy to Shamokin (Sunbury), at the forks of the Susquehanna, to be in charge of that key area. When Pennsylvania Indian traders reported rumors of the Indians' hanging a white man and threatening war, Gov. Patrick Gordon consulted the Council. James Logan advised, 2 Sept 1728, that Shickellamy be acquainted with the reports. Logan said, "that as the five Nations have an absolute Authority over all our Indians, and may command them as they please, it is of great Importance to Remove any Impressions that have been made upon them to the prejudice of the English, and that by all means 'tis necessary they should be spoke with." This was the origin of a new Indian policy for Pennsylvania (see 1731). But one might wonder whether the credit for the new policy belonged to Logan, or to the confederation, or to the abilities of Shickellamy. And one might also wonder if Logan were not indulging in wishful thinking in positing that the Iroquois controlled the Delaware and other Indians.
 

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From http://www.webroots.org/library/usahist/honcpa01.html
 

Allumapees was the first Indian chief and only Delaware king who resided within the present limits of Northumberland county at the period to which accurate information relates. He first appears in public affairs under the name of Sassoonan. He was a chief of his nation as early as 1709, when he appeared at Philadelphia with several others, "chiefs of the Delaware Indians settled at Paxtang above Conestoga and other adjacent places" on the Susquehanna river. In 1712 he made a visit to the Five Nations with the tribute from his tribe and a present from the Governor of Pennsylvania, for whom he brought a present from the Iroquois confederacy on his return. 

In 1715, with others of his tribe, he had a conference with the provincial authorities at Philadelphia, and in a speech on that occasion referred to "their late king, Scollitchy;" it is probable that the latter was the immediate successor of the renowned Tammany, and that after his death Allumapees assumed the regal prerogatives. In the general release of 1718 he is styled "King of the Delaware Indians." It is supposed that at that time he resided on the Delaware river, from whence he removed to Shamokin, an Indian town at the site of Sunbury; there he lived among the Minsi, the most belligerent of the Lenape clans; who, after the expulsion of the Andastes, had occupied that part of their former territory between the Kittatinny mountains and the sources of the Susquehanna. For some years after this he does not appear to have had much intercourse with the provincial authorities, doubtless on account of the remoteness of his residence. In 1728 he was interviewed by James Le Tort regarding a rumored Indian conspiracy; from that time he is generally referred to by the name of Allumapees, although that of Sassoonan was also retained to the close of his life. 

On the 4th and 5th of June, 1728, he was in Conference with the Governor and Council regarding the Tulpehocken lands; he also visited then on the 10th of October of the same year. in 1731, while in a state of intoxication, he killed his nephew, Shakatawlin; about the same time, Opekasset, another nephew and a chief among the Delawares for some years, also died. Under the weight of this double affliction his grief was such that "it was like to cost him his life," as he "forbore taking necessary food." The Governor accordingly invited him to Philadelphia, where he spent several days in August, 1781. He was again in that city, August 20-21, 1786, and October 3-4, 1738, and on both occasions met the Proprietor, Thomas Penn. 

At a conference on the 1st of August, 1740, he said that he had come "from Allegheny, a long way off," where he had been to hunt The last treaty he attended was that of July, 1742, but it does not appear that he took any active part in the proceedings. In 1744 he had a long sickness, but recovered, notwithstanding his age. 
Spangenborg wrote, under date of June 4, 1745: "He is very old, almost blind, and very poor, but withal has still power over and is beloved by his people, and is a friend of the English." 
And on the 20th of July, 1747, Conrad Weiser wrote: "Allumapees would have resigned his crown before now, but as he had the keeping of the public treasure (that is to say, the council bag), consisting of bolts of wampum, for which he buys liquor, and has been drunk for this two or three years almost constantly, and it is thought he won't die so long as there is one single wampum left in the bag." In the following September Weiser informed the Governor that he understood Allumapees was dead, but could not be sure of it; on the 15th of October he wrote: "Allumapees is dead" 

The Delawares were a tributary people when he became their king; he appears to have accepted the situation as he found it, making no effort to recover their former standing as a nation. He enjoyed, and doubtless merited, the confidence of the English, and was an ardent promoter of peaceful relations between them and his people. One of his granddaughters was the first wife of Andrew Montour; her son, John Montour, served under General Daniel Brodhead in the West during the Revolution with the rank of captain.
 
 
 
 
 
 


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On This Day on History

The original list was created by Phil Konstantin's web site.  It is used with permission and was distributed with the enlarged background information compiled by Neshoba and is now posted at Native News Online as an educational resource.
 
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